Dinoflagellates are important aquatic microbes and major harmful algal bloom (HAB) agents that form invasive species through ship ballast transfer. UV-C installations are recommended for ballast treatments and HAB controls, but there is a lack of knowledge in dinoflagellate responses to UV-C. We report here dose-dependent cell cycle delay and viability loss of dinoflagellate cells irradiated with UV-C, with significant proliferative reduction at 800 Jm^(-2) doses or higher, but immediate LD50…

Despite their relatively high thermal optima (T(opt) ), tropical taxa may be particularly vulnerable to a rising baseline and increased temperature variation because they live in relatively stable temperatures closer to their T(opt) . We examined how microbial eukaryotes with differing thermal histories responded to temperature fluctuations of different amplitudes (0 control, ±2, ±4 °C) around mean temperatures below or above their T(opt) . Cosmopolitan dinoflagellates were selected based on…

Despite their relatively high thermal optima (T(opt) ), tropical taxa may be particularly vulnerable to a rising baseline and increased temperature variation because they live in relatively stable temperatures closer to their T(opt) . We examined how microbial eukaryotes with differing thermal histories responded to temperature fluctuations of different amplitudes (0 control, ±2, ±4 °C) around mean temperatures below or above their T(opt) . Cosmopolitan dinoflagellates were selected based on…

Dinoflagellates are unicellular protists that display unusual nuclear features such as large genomes, condensed chromosomes and multiple gene copies organized as tandem gene arrays. Genetic regulation is believed to be controlled at the translational rather than transcriptional level. An important player in this process is initiation factor eIF4E which binds the 7-methylguanosine cap structure (m7G) at the 5′-end of mRNA. Transcriptome analysis of eleven dinoflagellate species has established…

Dinoflagellates are unicellular protists that display unusual nuclear features such as large genomes, condensed chromosomes and multiple gene copies organized as tandem gene arrays. Genetic regulation is believed to be controlled at the translational rather than transcriptional level. An important player in this process is initiation factor eIF4E which binds the 7-methylguanosine cap structure (m7G) at the 5′-end of mRNA. Transcriptome analysis of eleven dinoflagellate species has established…

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella…

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella…

The genome of the unicellular molluscan parasite Perkinsus marinus contains at least five genes coding for putative creatine kinases (CK), a phosphoryl transfer enzyme which plays a key role in cellular energy transactions. Expression and kinetic analyses of three of the P. marinus CKs revealed them to be true CKs with catalytic properties in the range of typical metazoan CKs. A sequence comparison of the P. marinus CKs with a range of CK dimers and other dimeric phosphoryl transfer enzymes in…

The genome of the unicellular molluscan parasite Perkinsus marinus contains at least five genes coding for putative creatine kinases (CK), a phosphoryl transfer enzyme which plays a key role in cellular energy transactions. Expression and kinetic analyses of three of the P. marinus CKs revealed them to be true CKs with catalytic properties in the range of typical metazoan CKs. A sequence comparison of the P. marinus CKs with a range of CK dimers and other dimeric phosphoryl transfer enzymes in…

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may quickly travel and inoculate new water bodies via currents and runoff in estuaries. The role of in-situ prokaryotic communities in the re-establishment and growth of inoculated algal blooms remains unknown. A novel on-board incubation experiment was employed to simulate the sudden surge of algal blooms to new estuarine waters and reveal possible outcomes. A dinoflagellate (Amphidinium carterae) and a diatom species (Thalassiosira weissflogii) which had bloomed in…