Peridinin-containing dinoflagellate plastomes are predominantly encoded in nuclear genomes, with less than 20 essential chloroplast proteins carried on “minicircles”. Each minicircle generally carries one gene and a short non-coding region (NCR) with a median length of approximately 400-1000 bp. We report here differential nuclease sensitivity and two-dimensional southern blot patterns, suggesting that dsDNA minicircles are in fact the minor forms, with substantial DNA:RNA hybrids (DRHs)….

Peridinin-containing dinoflagellate plastomes are predominantly encoded in nuclear genomes, with less than 20 essential chloroplast proteins carried on “minicircles”. Each minicircle generally carries one gene and a short non-coding region (NCR) with a median length of approximately 400-1000 bp. We report here differential nuclease sensitivity and two-dimensional southern blot patterns, suggesting that dsDNA minicircles are in fact the minor forms, with substantial DNA:RNA hybrids (DRHs)….

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) offer insight into the evolutionary histories and hosts of contemporary viruses. This study leveraged DNA metagenomics and genomics to detect and infer the host of a non-retroviral dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA virus (dinoRNAV) common in coral reefs. As part of the Tara Pacific Expedition, this study surveyed 269 newly sequenced cnidarians and their resident symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), associated metabarcodes, and publicly available…

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) offer insight into the evolutionary histories and hosts of contemporary viruses. This study leveraged DNA metagenomics and genomics to detect and infer the host of a non-retroviral dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA virus (dinoRNAV) common in coral reefs. As part of the Tara Pacific Expedition, this study surveyed 269 newly sequenced cnidarians and their resident symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), associated metabarcodes, and publicly available…

The bacterial strain AP-MA-4^(T) isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (KCTC AG60911), was subjected to a taxonomic analysis. Cells of strain AP-MA-4^(T) were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, optimum growth at 20 °C, pH 7.0, in the presence of 5% (w/v) NaCl. Strain AP-MA-4^(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudosulfitobacter pseudonitzschiae DSM 26824^(T) (98.5%), followed by Ascidiaceihabitans donghaensis RSS1-M3^(T) (96.3%),…

The bacterial strain AP-MA-4^(T) isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (KCTC AG60911), was subjected to a taxonomic analysis. Cells of strain AP-MA-4^(T) were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, optimum growth at 20 °C, pH 7.0, in the presence of 5% (w/v) NaCl. Strain AP-MA-4^(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudosulfitobacter pseudonitzschiae DSM 26824^(T) (98.5%), followed by Ascidiaceihabitans donghaensis RSS1-M3^(T) (96.3%),…

Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional variation sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history and ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels of organization. In the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians (e.g., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates (e.g., sponges, molluscs, flatworms), and protists (e.g.,…

A facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated N5^(T), was obtained from the phycosphere microbiota of the marine planktonic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum. Strain N5^(T) showed growth on marine agar at 25 °C, pH 7 and 1 % (w/v) NaCl and produced a yellow colour. According to a phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain N5^(T) has a lineage within the genus Gymnodinialimonas. The G+C content in the genome of strain N5^(T) is…