Category: Dinoflagellate genomics

The phylum Perkinsozoa is an aquatic parasite lineage that has devastating effects on commercial and natural mollusc populations, and also comprises parasites of algae, fish and amphibians. They are related to dinoflagellates and apicomplexans and thus offer excellent genetic models for both parasitological and evolutionary studies. Genetic transformation was previously achieved for Perkinsus spp. but with few tools for transgene expression and limited selection efficacy. We sought to expand the…

Chromerids are a group of alveolates, found in corals, that show peculiar morphological and genomic features. These organisms are evolutionary placed in-between symbiotic dinoflagellates and parasitic apicomplexans. There are two known species of chromerids: Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis. Here, the biochemical composition of C. velia cell wall was analyzed. Several polysaccharides adorn this structure, with glucose being the most abundant monosaccharide (approx. 80%) and…

As is true for many other aspects, genome architecture, evolution, and function in dinoflagellates are enigmatic and, in the meantime, continuous inspiration for scientific quests. Recent third-generation sequencing and Hi-C linkage analyses brought new insights into the spatial organization of symbiodiniacean genomes, revealing the topologically associated domains, discrete gene clusters and their cis and trans orientations, and relationships with transcription. Where do these new findings…

As is true for many other aspects, genome architecture, evolution, and function in dinoflagellates are enigmatic and, in the meantime, continuous inspiration for scientific quests. Recent third-generation sequencing and Hi-C linkage analyses brought new insights into the spatial organization of symbiodiniacean genomes, revealing the topologically associated domains, discrete gene clusters and their cis and trans orientations, and relationships with transcription. Where do these new findings…

Many dinoflagellate species make toxins in a myriad of different molecular configurations but the underlying chemistry in all cases is presumably via modular synthases, primarily polyketide synthases. In many organisms modular synthases occur as discrete synthetic genes or domains within a gene that act in coordination thus forming a module that produces a particular fragment of a natural product. The modules usually occur in tandem as gene clusters with a syntenic arrangement that is often…

Programmed cell death (PCD) in dinoflagellates has been introduced as a new concept that facilitates the demise of harmful algal blooms. Metacaspases (MCAs) play a role in PCD, but their function in dinoflagellates is unclear. Here, we cloned a novel MCA gene (PmMCA) from the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and examined its molecular characteristics and gene expression during cell death. The gene was encoded in the nuclear genome with two introns. The putative protein contained 288…

Programmed cell death (PCD) in dinoflagellates has been introduced as a new concept that facilitates the demise of harmful algal blooms. Metacaspases (MCAs) play a role in PCD, but their function in dinoflagellates is unclear. Here, we cloned a novel MCA gene (PmMCA) from the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and examined its molecular characteristics and gene expression during cell death. The gene was encoded in the nuclear genome with two introns. The putative protein contained 288…

Photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, green algae, and basal land plants is protected against excess reducing pressure on the photosynthetic chain by flavodiiron proteins (FLV) that dissipate photosynthetic electrons by reducing O(2). In these organisms, the genes encoding FLV are always conserved in the form of a pair of two-type isozymes (FLVA and FLVB) that are believed to function in O(2) photo-reduction as a heterodimer. While coral symbionts (dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae) are…

Photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, green algae, and basal land plants is protected against excess reducing pressure on the photosynthetic chain by flavodiiron proteins (FLV) that dissipate photosynthetic electrons by reducing O(2). In these organisms, the genes encoding FLV are always conserved in the form of a pair of two-type isozymes (FLVA and FLVB) that are believed to function in O(2) photo-reduction as a heterodimer. While coral symbionts (dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae) are…

Berghia stephanieae (Nudibranchia, Cladobranchia) is a photosymbiotic sea slug that feeds exclusively on sea anemones from the genus Exaiptasia. It then specifically incorporates dinoflagellates belonging to the Symbiodiniaceae obtained from their prey. Here, we present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of B. stephanieae combining Oxford Nanopore long read and Illumina short-read sequencing data. The mitochondrial genome has a total length of 14,786 bp, it contains the 13…